Anais SIMPROIN 2022
Segue abaixo os artigos publicados nos anais do SIMPROIN
Device which eases classroom doors identification for visually impaired students
This present work is a device which eases classroom doors identification for students with visual impairments. It is composed of a MP3 module which sends audio messages about location and other information that helps the user, once the MP3 module is connected to an audio amplifier controlled by Arduino UNO. This project shows its importance when assistive equipment for visually impaired people, like tactile paving and braille staircase handrails, are not available inside buildings and facilities, because this work can guide and inform users about their localization without having to change buildings’ structures. At Instituto Federal do Paran´a - Campus Paranava´ı, the tactile paving only assists visually impaired students at the beginning of each facility, leaving them inside without any orientation. This present work aims to guide these students inside IFPR’s facilities and foster their independence. Nowadays, this project is at a prototype stage and required new components and modules, since it had some issues related to memory cards unavailability.
Analysis of Harmonic Distortions in Voltage and Current
According to the scenario of the electrical system,there was a large increase in loads connected to the grid due to the growing demand of the industrial sector, where large loads of electrical systems are concentrated, making it the target of studies focused on the quality of electrical energy.With the great advance of industrial production processes and the inclusion of new technologies in the industrial sector, large amounts of electronic equipment were added, which are sources of disturbances in the systems, and that alter the quality of the final product, the electrical energy. With this, the present work analyzed the harmonics that some machines in specific, one without the aid of a frequency inverter, and another using a frequency inverter, cause the voltage and current of the system. Index Terms—electrical system, power quality, disturbances, harmonics
Articulated Load Elevator
Equipment developed to assist in the process of supporting or relieving the load, are important tools to promote people's comfort and safety. Overhead cranes, cranes and elevators are examples of structures intended for lifting loads. On the other hand, elevators are even present in rehabilitation centers to assist in locomotor training in people with spinal cord injury and are part of the daily lives of people with mobility impairments, thus contributing to accessibility in public environments. The current project aims to present the development of an articulated load elevator driven by steel cable and a roller system with electric drive to assist in the organization of Laboratories, cargo transport and bench for equipment maintenance in the IFPR-Paranavaí Laboratories. The device has a maximum load capacity of 100kgf, requiring 25 and 28 seconds to respectively complete the ascent and descent cycle with the mentioned load. Under no-load vertical motion conditions, the times required to complete the ascent and descent cycle are 23 and 29 seconds respectively. The wheels system makes it possible to move loads on floors free of obstacles.
Automated Coffee Grinder
Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world, in addition, coffee is part of the daily life of Brazilians and is the most consumed product. To be a consumer, coffee goes through some processes, including grinding. Grinding is a transformation of coffee beans into a fine powder, the beans must be dry and preferably whole. Since the fine work required for work and time was done, research aims to automate a residential grinder using an electric motor to facilitate the process of grinding coffee that was once powder manually by one of the employees of the Parkinson's group.
Automated indoor growing greenhouse
With population growth and with people increasingly living far from places where food can be grown, such as apartments, buildings and even houses with no cultivable space, and in addition they want to continue consuming healthier foods, came up the need for cultivation in places with little access to natural light, and that do not need as much attention for their growth, indoor greenhouses with automatic control are the solution to this type of issue. They are commanded by a microcontroller that has sensors and actuators to do the work based on pre-defined temperature and humidity parameters it also give the user the assist self-growth concept that improves cultivation time and food quality as well as automatic actions that will be done just by programming. Therefore, it has the ease that modern society needs.
Automated system for face mask detection using YOLOv4-Tiny
The pandemic occured due to the propagation of the COVID-19 disease generated an emergency public health scenario around the world. Owing to the high risk of this disease transmission, the World Health Organization and many other health institutions recommended several sanitary measures in order to minimize infection caused by the virus, including the use of protection face masks. In this sense, the objective of this research was the development of an automated embedded system capable of detecting the correct use of face masks. The system in question has a Raspberry Pi as a processing platform and utilizes a single stage object detector YOLOv4-Tiny. As a practical application, this device could be applied as a totem that controls the circulation of people in places where the use of face masks is indispensable in times of pandemic, such as pharmacies, hospitals, and other health institutions. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm was detect in real time the correct identification of three distinctive classes that describes the different ways of face masks use. Thus, the aforementioned system presents a viable and relevant application to places that have a large flow of people and needs to quickly detect the correct use of face masks.
Automation of a pasteurizer prototype
Pasteurization is a process of sterilization of various foods, which aims to eliminate pathogens, bringing food safety. Some examples of foods that go through the pasteurization process are milk, cheese, yogurt, beer or wine. This process basically consists of exposing the food to a high temperature, but below its boiling point, and then submitting it to a sudden cooling, in order to eliminate certain harmful microorganisms, aiming at the safety in the consumption of the product. Therefore, when the product is processed, it becomes safer than the in natura version. Taking this into account, we can understand that pasteurization is a heat treatment, with the aim of increasing food conservation. The pasteurization process is divided into two types: the slow (low temperature large time - LTLT) or fast (high temperature short time - HTST) form. An example of the LTLT pasteurization technique is used in the milk industry, which consists of heating milk between 62 and 63 °C and keeping it at this temperature for 30 to 35 min. The food is then cooled sharply to approximately 5°C or less. HTST pasteurization, on the other hand, consists of heating the milk to 72°C and keeping it for 15 seconds in equipment with plate heat exchangers, followed by a thermal shock similar to that used in slow pasteurization. This type of processing has the advantage of operating in continuous flow, which is desirable from an industrial point of view. Knowing this, it is necessary to use temperature sensors for greater control of the temperature of the pasteurized product in question. Thus, this work presents the study and development of a temperature data collection system, applied to a pasteurizer belonging to a laboratory of the Instituto Federal do Paraná Campus Paranavaí. This pasteurizer is of the LTLT (low temperature large time) type, which is based on low-cost and easy-to-implement components aimed at the study of Electrical Engineering, control and automation of systems. The final aim of this work is to make the pasteurizer available to small producers.
Automation system of water treatment of a cistern
The water surface of Brazil, over the last 30 years, has suffered a loss of 15% of the surface water. In this sense, Brazil entered its third water crisis in 20 years as a consequence of the mismanagement of resources from nature. Thus, the present project aims to develop the automation of a rainwater treatment system in cisterns at the Instituto Federal do Paraná - Campus Paranavaí, to enable, at least partially, the own consumption of rainwater and avoid the recurring problems caused by the intake of untreated water, thus providing better living conditions for consumers.
Self Irrigation System in Vegetable Growing in Northwest Paraná
In horticulture, the use of irrigation methods is indispensable for cultivation, and cannot only depend on the climate. Because of this, this work developed an automated irrigation system with ATmega328 microcontroller, for a mandala-shaped vegetable garden, present at the IFPR - Campus Paranavaí, in order to facilitate the management of vegetables, increase productivity and reduce the cost of water. The values of field capacity ( Cc ) were determined, as well as the values of capacitive and resistive sensors, in addition to the installation of the hydraulic system, which contains a sprinkler, pipe and water pump. Finally, a printed circuit board was developed to accommodate the electrical circuit components. The result with regard to sensing was found that the capacitive sensor had a better performance in relation to the needs of the prototype. The results of the prototype in the laboratory were quite satisfactory.
Auxiliary device for welding pipes using MIG/MAG processes
A Welding aims at joining two or more parts through the fusion produced by heating the components and is present in several mechanical manufacturing processes. In order to obtain satisfactory welding qualities, a detailed study of the process to be used and the parameters to be adjusted is necessary. On the other hand, automation systems are often being used in companies and industries as a way to contribute to weld quality, improve efficiency through resource optimization, repeatability in execution, reduction of process times and costs. In this sense, the current project presents an equipment to weld tubes or cylindrical parts in a continuous and automatic way using the MAG (Metal Inert Gas) process that was developed during the Subsequent Technical Course in Electromechanics at IFPR-Paranavaí. The device consists of a support for lathe chuck of 3 jaw and 8” coupled to a transmission box, which accommodates a pair of gears, the motor gear (5 teeth) being directly coupled to a 12V DC gearmotor and the driven gear (50 teeth) attached to the lathe chuck of 3 jaw. For speed control, a PWM system was developed. By means of a potentiometer, it is possible to parameterize the plate rotation between 0 and 4 rpm. The device features a plate tilt adjustment to perform flat or vertical welding, as it makes it possible to change the welding angle up to 90 degrees. The torch nozzle distance and angle can be adjusted by the torch holder, as its moving components allow proper positioning for each welding condition. By carrying out practical welding tests, it was possible to identify an optimization of the operating time, as well as a reduction in consumable materials such as shielding gas and electrode.
ROBOTIC ARM IN 3D PRINTING
The project is an automated robotic arm made in 3D printing at a didactic level, its final objective and claim being low cost, it intends to innovate and help the teaching of classes, since learning is guaranteed when there is practice, both for teachers and for students in classes related to mechatronics and the electrical engineering course, at the IFPR - Campus Paranavaí, mainly robotics and automation courses. It is widely used in several areas, such as health, surgical equipment, industries, car assembly equipment, and teaching, and an example is the present project. The device we are working on will be made in three-dimensional printing, using PLA material, and will be completely autonomously controlled, it will be adapted to a bench/table, to be easily transported and used in different classes. The methodological process used consisted, as mentioned in the three-dimensional printing part, other components were also used, sandpaper, nuts, drives, electronic boards, jumpers, among other components. We found a satisfactory result, once we finished printing, and an electronic circuit, and how the assembly was planned, surprised the design intentions.
Construction of a Belt Sander Machine
When considering the development of mechanical designs, various manufacturing processes can be used to build structures or obtain components. Among the most common processes are mechanical forming, casting and machining. On the other hand, the parts obtained by the mentioned processes, present rough surfaces that can compromise the life of the component due to fatigue. Thus, machining operations using tools of undefined geometry are indicated to improve the surface finish and ensure greater precision in the geometric dimensions. The current project presents the development of a Belt Sander Machine to be used in the IFPR-Paranavaí laboratories. The equipment was developed using a WEG three-phase motor of 1 hp and nominal rotation of 3410 rpm. A 115 mm aluminum pulley was attached to the motor shaft to drive the sandpaper. Roller devices were installed on the structure in order to ensure the perfect alignment of the sandpaper when in operation. An articulated system was implemented to keep the sandpaper tensioned at all times. In practical tests, a tangential speed of 20.52 m/s was identified for the sandpaper, being possible to use in materials such as glass, stainless steel and tool steels. However, the device can be used by the academic community, as well as assist in the development of future school projects.
Construction of mechanical durability machine for pellets
With the growing search for alternative energy sources, the use of biomass as fuel presents itself as a viable and ecological source compared to fossil fuels. However, this form of fuel has large volumes, which makes its handling and transport difficult. This limitation can be improved by the pelletizing process, which converts the disaggregated biomass into a product
of higher energy density and lower volume, known as pellets. To be marketed, the pellets must have a mechanical durability greater than 97.5%, according to the ISO 17225-2 standard. In view of the increase in the trade of Brazilian pellets with the international market, a device was built to test the mechanical durability of biomass pellets, according to the specifications of the DS/EN 15210-1 standard.
Development of IoT-based Irrigation System
The exponential population growth curve is the result of advances in the medical, agricultural, and technological areas, however, this growth brings with it other problems, such as drinking water consumption, waste generation, pollution, and food production needed to meet demand, considering that there are currently about 8 billion people and, according to the OMS, this number is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, aggravating the problems mentioned above. With this concern, it is necessary to develop new technologies and innovative solutions in food production and distribution that make water consumption more efficient, since the agricultural sector is responsible for 70% of the world’s fresh water consumption, followed by industries. This paper presents the development of an automated irrigation system involving technologies such as embedded systems and Internet of Things. The proposed system has the ability to operate au- tonomously, as well as remote control and monitoring through an application, promoting greater efficiency in water consumption and important crop information. For the purpose of validation and teaching, the system will be installed in the experimental crop area of IFPR - Paranava´ı Campus.
Direct Kinematics of a Robotic Arm
The present work proposes a detailed study of the direct kinematics of a robotic arm, a tool that has been used on a large scale in the industrial automation process for decades. A robotic arm consists of a series of links connected to rotating joints, the first link being connected to the base and the last link being the robot's claw, resembling an anthropomorphic arm. Direct kinematics is the area of knowledge that studies the relative position of a robot's grip knowing the position of its joints. Based on this principle, the main objective of this work is to demonstrate the direct kinematics of a robotic arm with five joints. With this, the Denavit-Hartenberg transformation matrix will be found, which represents the position of the effector about the robot base. All calculations were performed in MatLab software, where a three-dimensional view of the proposed robot was also simulated. The presented objectives were reached and the Denavit-Hartenberg method proved to be efficient in solving direct kinematics problems.
Disposal and Recycling of Photovoltaic Generators
With the growing energy demand and the need to renew energy sources, which degrade the environment less, photovoltaic generation is the new trend, increasing its participation in the global energy matrix. But with all this another problem comes to the fore “What to do with these solar panels after the end of its useful life?”. Taking into account that the durability of a solar module is on average from 25 to 30 years, there will be around 5 thousand tons of solar panels to be discarded in Brazil, according to an estimate by IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency), that is, a solution of the present that could be a problem in the future if it is not determined to carry out a disposal and even the reuse of materials that make it possible to a solar panel aiming to cause a lower environmental impact. So, this work consists of analyzing and determining possible cost optimization solutions, feasibility, and capacity for reuse in addition to the implementation of practices, rules, and protocols based on Brazilian legislation, thus reaching a standard close to that of the European Union. which requires at least 75% of the panel material recycled.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF DISPOSAL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
The technological development, allied to the increase in the demand for electric energy, made possible an exponential increase in use of photovoltaic systems for the production of electric energy, this is due to the fact of its logistics, for being a clean energy and not appearing to have environmental impacts, also for being accessible to population, thereby, being possible to have your generation in your own home. Although it’s a clean and renewable source that doesn’t emit polluting gases compared to the already consolidated forms of electricity generation, its production involves the handling of various polluting substances, its disposal is also an unknown for many people, since during the dissemination of this type of energy generation, a lot of things was said about the longevity of the products and how it’s worth investing, however, about the disposal of this equipment, they are always omitted from the public information. The present research search to evince the greatest energy impact of this matrix energetic with emphasis on the disposal of photovoltaic panels, jointly with a survey of companies in the industry. Thus, disclosing information that in general the common population that makes the purchase of these products probably doesn’t know about it.
APPLICATION STUDY OF SUPERCONDUCTORS IN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION
Superconductivity are materials capable of conducting electricity without offering any kind of resistance, once they reach a very low temperature that is known as critical temperature, with this we will analyze and study the effect of using superconductors for the transmission of electrical energy. With the sharp growth of the world population, there is a great impact on the total energy consumption in order to try to meet the demands of this growing population. In this work, some of the concepts of superconductivity are introduced, in addition to presenting data that suggest the relevance of studies and the aspects that prove that the technology is promising.
Macrographic analysis of manual and semi-automatic welding quality using the MAG process
Welding aims at joining two or more parts through the fusion produced by heating the components and is present in several mechanical manufacturing processes. In order to obtain satisfactory welding qualities, a detailed study of the process to be used and the parameters to be adjusted is necessary. On the other hand, automation systems are often being used in companies and industries as a way to contribute to weld quality, improve efficiency through resource optimization, repeatability in execution, reduction of process times and costs. In this sense, the current project presents a macrographic analysis of two welded joints: flat and butt. For welding, the MAG (Metal Active Gas) process was used, with manual and automatic activation. The specimens were cut using a cold disc cutter. They were prepared in the region of the beginning or end of the welding as a way of identifying possible defects caused by the interruption of the weld. After cutting, the surface preparation process of the specimens for macrographic analysis of the weld was performed. 5% Nital was used for surface etching. Through macrographic analysis, it was possible to qualitatively identify the characteristics of the welds performed in manual and automatic processes. Considering welded joints, significant defects such as lack of penetration, porosity and lack of fusion are present in manual processes. In addition, the surface finish of the automatically produced beads has significantly superior qualities when compared to the manual process.
Mass Spectrometry in the Light of Electrical Engineering: Brief Review
Mass spectrometry is a technique that uses a device called a mass spectrometer. It is a electronic device that needs control and understanding on the electronic units, as well as the parameters applied components of the apparatus during analysis. In this sense, Electrical Engineering acts effectively and significantly in understanding of the functioning of the equipment as well as application of parameters that enhance better results analysis of the technique. This article presents a research through a bibliographical survey on Mass Spectrometry, highlighting the main characteristics of this technique, its applications and the technical specificities competent to the area of Electrical Engineering.
Matlab Software Script for Dimensioning Pneumatic Distribution Networks
Nowadays, the use of compressed air is an important source of energy, resulting from the compression of atmospheric air. With several applications in industry, it is used in processes that require force and movement in pneumatic machines. This work aims to use Matlab software to create a sizing script for compressed air piping, calculating the appropriate pipe diameter for a given pneumatic network. The result obtained in this project contains the programming to find the minimum diameter of the pipe that will be implemented, besides presenting the closest commercial value to the pipe. An application layout is also presented, making the sizing even easier and faster. We conclude that this project developed a useful and simple to use tool for the sizing of pneumatic networks
Microprocessor Function Generator using ESP32
The function generator is a device widely used in the electronics area and has the function of providing a periodic signal defined by the user for carrying out tests on benches or for use in prototypes. In this work, a microprocessor function generator is developed using an ESP32. The codes used are described throughout the text in the images, along with the declarations of the prototype waveforms, which are sinusoidal, square, sawtooth and triangular. The generator was successful when operating the menu and the output waveforms, but the maximum frequencies obtained do not have a usable value for replacing the equipment that uses its own integrated circuit.
Ohmic heating in processing foods - a brief overview
This article briefly introduces one of the food processing techniques called ohmic heating. There are several food processing techniques for decontamination and disinfection. Objective: identify technologies to carry out the process and the best database for research on the topic. Method: a systematic review. Results: ohmic heating technologies used in food industries were identified. In Brazil, at least one company already sells this technology. However, no company, marketer, or the device manufacturer is focused on laboratory benches. In the results, it was also observed that, in Brazil, the topic is widely researched at the postgraduate level in Food Engineering. It was also found that most of the research on this topic is concentrated in international databases. Conclusion: research on ohmic heating should focus on the databases: Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed, which cover 99.92% of the total in English. The state-of-the-art indicates that the technology is available on an industrial scale, with little or no presence for single testing samples (laboratory bench).
PET´S DOOR
The present work presents a study on the automation of a door, in order to minimize the deprivation of liberty that pets are exposed to. During the dawn of civilizations, animals lived in constant freedom with nature. However, due to the evolution of society, which includes the relationship between man and dog, these animals are now part of human life, being considered even as companions and family members. Society, with the intention of protecting its animals, deprives them of the freedom to come and go. This study presents the necessary data for the construction and the main components that would make the implementation of an automated door viable, without having to lose the security of their homes. Thus, those tutors who spend hours working from office or do not have the time to take care of their pet can take advantage of this equipment to bring autonomy and freedom to their pet.
Pneumatic Piping Sizing Tool in Matlab Software
Compressed air is a form of energy widely used in the industrial sector, used in various processes and equipment. It is the result of air compression, complemented by treatment processes to offer the best performance to the equipment. The general objective of this work is to design a compressed air distribution network that meets the pressure and flow demand through a Script built in Matlab software. To carry out the work, it was necessary to collect some information about the process, such as: selection of equipment that uses compressed air, dimensions of the production unit and choice of singularities. Through the sizing of the compressed air network, it was verified that the automation of the system meets the needs of an air network project, providing great performance in the calculations, efficiency and adequate values in a comprehensive way for the user.
Module behavior simulation photovoltaic using MATLAB
The present work studies, analyzes and proposes a mathematical model of a photovoltaic module using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software based on the interconnection of function block diagrams and input and output variables. The model consists of the insertion of two input parameters, namely temperature and irradiation, this system is capable of acquiring and representing the I-V (current in relation to voltage) and W-V (power in relation to voltage) curves of photovoltaic panels, which will later be later with the real curve present in the datasheet of each photovoltaic module. Its model aims to understand the behavior of a photovoltaic module, studying the main characteristics, types of photovoltaic cell association, influence of irradiance and temperature on the performance of its maximum power. After elaboration of the model and comparisons with the article that based it, tests were carried out with a commercial module of 560W, after confirming the model, an accuracy of 99.8% was obtained in relation to the maximum power point of the module studied under the NOTC conditions .
Temperature Response of a Process Tank Control Training System
Pt100 sensors are temperature sensors that contain a resistor that changes the resistance value as its temperature changes. The objective of the article is to control the power applied to the resistance of the industrial process control bench, using an external controller N1200 and with that, obtain the temperature response in a tank heated by the resistance. The parameters used in the controller were the minimum temperature of 0°C and the maximum of 100°C, using the Pt100 sensor reading as a database. The temperature result was sampled 151 times during the 4500 seconds that the water heating took place. Analyzing the graphs and the non-linearity of the temperature response, two hypotheses were discussed. It was also possible to know and use sensors, temperature controllers and the bench of industrial control processes.
Universal Process Controller N1100 with Didactic Bench Application
Industrial instrumentation is the engineering area focused on industrial processes, in the readings and measurements of the physical and chemical variables that make up a system. The aim is to control these variables in order to improve and develop, optimizing the process. The main objective of the development of this experiment is to obtain the characteristic curve using a universal process controller N1100 in a didactic bench, for which there are no technical specifications. The specific objective is to use creativity to solve this problem and make the use of these processes more efficient, that is, save time and resources, in addition to gaining productivity and quality in the most varied processes that will be developed.
Wind Energy, Scientific Methodology: “The boy Who Harnessed the Wind”
A sustainable future depends on actions that guide the rational use of available resources and services, often from knowledge, environmental education and policies to encourage adherence to the various available technologies. In the 1970s came the concern of limited sources of fossil fuels, as well as their impact on the environment. With this problem presented, the need to use renewable energy to supply the planet's electricity demand arose. Energy sources such as oil, natural gas, coal or nuclear energy are finite and pollute the planet. Due to attention to environmental issues and the depletion of fossil fuels, a search for more energy sources was demanded. In this context, renewable energies arise, which are clean and abundant and have contributed to the growing need for energy in the future. Among renewable sources, wind power has gained worldwide prominence. The use of wind energy only started in the 1980s, accompanied by a drop in the cost per kWh generated, due to technological development and large-scale economics. The conversion of wind into electricity is the fastest growing technology on the planet today. This article is an analysis of the scientific aspects of the film “The boy who harnessed the wind”, which presents the story of William Kamkwamba. The cinematographic work shows how science and education can be transformed. In addition, a brief synopsis of the film is presented, which describes the trajectory of a 14-year-old teenager who seeks to improve the quality of life of his parents and the community. The specific objective is to analyze the methodology applied in the development of the invention and also the aspects of wind energy, the methodology applied for this is the bibliographic research, which will use reference materials and also the survey of information.
Fish Farm Aerator Built With Recyclable Materials Powered By Wind Energy
Fish farming is a growing activity in the Brazilian agricultural sector. In this segment there are several types of equipment used in the oxygenation of water for fish farming purposes. The present work aims to present the development of a tool that assists in agribusiness with the activity of fish farming. This initiative came from the intention of building one also adapting a used cooling motor and a used cooling fan propeller. It is a wind aerator, as it is driven by the wind as a source of energy. The equipment can be used in areas with difficult access to the concessionaire's electrical network, promoting the expansion of small and medium-sized fish farming activities.